Frontier mental health research: psychedelics & drug studies

Each month our editorial team sifts through hundreds of papers and curates notable findings—for practitioners and informed readers who want to stay current with the evidence. Subscribe to the monthly Research Digest for expert analysis and concise summaries of key papers.

11 papers

Psilocybin for Substance abuse disorder

Based on 11 papers

Research on psilocybin for treating substance use disorders is promising but still early. Reviews and small studies suggest psilocybin and similar psychedelics can reduce drug or alcohol use for some people. However, most trials are small, and scientists are still figuring out how much the drug itself does versus the therapy around it (preparation and integration). Benefits seen in studies include large but preliminary improvements that sometimes last months. Risks include strong hallucinations and, in rare cases, lasting perceptual problems or worsening mental-health symptoms in vulnerable people. Many experts say more large, careful trials are needed and that therapy methods and safety rules must be standardized.

Key findings

  • Some reviews report that psilocybin and other classic psychedelics have shown promise in reducing substance use and other mental-health problems in early studies. 15059 15086 15063
  • Most positive findings come from small or early-stage trials and review articles. Large, definitive clinical trials are still limited. 15064 15063 15086
  • Psychedelic-assisted therapy always includes preparation, supervised drug sessions, and follow-up therapy. Good preparation is widely seen as important for safety and outcomes. 15065 15063 15086
  • Researchers do not fully agree on how these treatments work. Some data point to the intense psychological experience people have during the drug session. Other work points to changes in brain circuits and plasticity (how brain cells rewire). 15086 15059
  • Observed benefits sometimes last for months after a single or a few drug-assisted sessions in trials of psychedelics for other conditions. This suggests possible lasting effects for substance problems too, but direct evidence in large substance-use trials is still sparse. 15086 15063 15059
  • There are clear risks. Psilocybin and similar drugs can cause strong hallucinations and changes in perception. In some people these effects can be severe or long-lasting. 15080 15086
  • Experts and therapists are cautious. Many counselors see promise but want more research and prefer medical supervision if these treatments are used. 15057 15087
  • Other related compounds are being explored for alcohol problems. For example, early reviews suggest 5‑MeO‑DMT produces intense short experiences and is being studied as a possible treatment for alcohol use disorder, but that work is still preliminary. 15122
  • Broader issues slow clinical use. These include changing laws, the emerging psychedelic industry, and the need for standard rules about how to run therapy and make treatments safe and fair. 15079 15087 15065

Legal highs: staying on top of the flood of novel psychoactive substances

David Baumeister, Luis M. Tojo, Derek K. Tracy

This review explains the fast-growing problem of so-called "legal highs", which are better called novel psychoactive substances or NPS. Unknown labs keep making slightly different chemicals to avoid bans, and this led to about 80 new substances being spotted in one year. The paper groups these drugs into five main…

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Cannabis Ketamine

Therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics and entactogens

Boris D. Heifets, David E. Olson
Neuropsychopharmacology Summary & key facts 2023 59 citations

This paper reviews human and animal research on so-called psychedelics (like psilocybin and LSD) and entactogens (mainly MDMA). The authors say these drugs can produce fast improvements in mental health that sometimes last for months or longer. But we do not yet understand exactly how they work. Human studies point…

Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ketamine LSD

A century of research on psychedelics: A scientometric analysis on trends and knowledge maps of hallucinogens, entactogens, entheogens and dissociative drugs

Marco Solmi, Chaomei Chen, Charles Daure, Anne Buot, Michael Ljuslin, Vincent Verroust, et al.

Researchers looked at published papers about psychedelic drugs from the last century, using citation maps and other tools to see how the field changed up to March 2022. They found that research was small and mostly about safety for many decades, then grew a lot after the 1990s into a…

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ketamine

Psychedelic Commercialization: A Wide-Spanning Overview of the Emerging Psychedelic Industry

Jacob S. Aday, Brian S. Barnett, Dan Grossman, Kevin S. Murnane, Charles D. Nichols, Peter S. Hendricks
Psychedelic Medicine Summary & key facts 2023 49 citations

This article is a broad review of the new psychedelic industry. The authors look at how psychedelic drugs and clinics moved from decades-old research into a fast-growing business with hundreds of companies and big investment. They describe what companies are trying to sell, point out major scientific, legal, and ethical…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Diverse academic research themes Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

The Emerging Field of Psychedelic Psychotherapy

Gregory Barber, Scott T. Aaronson
Current Psychiatry Reports Summary & key facts 2022 48 citations

This review looks at recent research where drugs like MDMA and psilocybin are given inside carefully run therapy programs. People get hours of preparation, one or more drug sessions, and several follow-up therapy sessions to help make sense of the experience. Trials so far show big improvements for some people…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Diverse academic research themes Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

Counselors’ attitudes toward psychedelics and their use in therapy

Benjamin Hearn, Michael D. Brubaker, George B. Richardson

Researchers surveyed counseling professionals about psychedelics and psychedelic‑assisted therapy. They found that counselors had mixed feelings overall, but were more accepting when use was medically supervised. Most counselors said these therapies show promise and that more research is needed. The study matters because drugs like MDMA and psilocybin may soon…

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies MDMA Psilocybin

Therapeutic (Sub)stance: Current practice and therapeutic conduct in preparatory sessions in substance-assisted psychotherapy—A systematized review

Sascha Thal, Michelle Wieberneit, Jason M. Sharbanee, Petra Skeffington, Paris Baker, Raimondo Bruno, et al.
Journal of Psychopharmacology Summary & key facts 2022 23 citations

The authors reviewed 83 papers and guides about how therapists prepare people for substance-assisted psychotherapy — therapy that uses drugs like psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, or ketamine together with psychological support. They found clear agreement that good preparation before a drug session is important for safety and for helping people get…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ibogaine Ketamine

Three Naturally-Occurring Psychedelics and Their Significance in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders

Nataliya S. Vorobyeva, Alena A. Kozlova
Frontiers in Pharmacology Summary & key facts 2022 14 citations

This paper reviews research on three naturally occurring psychedelics: psilocybin, ibogaine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (the active part of the brew ayahuasca). It explains that these drugs work on the brain's serotonin system and summarizes growing studies that suggest they might help with problems like post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, anxiety, and…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

The potential of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: A first look at therapeutic mechanisms of action

Stephan Tap
Addiction Biology Summary & key facts 2024 11 citations

This paper is a first look at whether the fast-acting psychedelic 5‑MeO‑DMT might help people with alcohol use disorder. The authors reviewed existing studies in humans and animals and found early signs that 5‑MeO‑DMT can cause intense mystical feelings and a loss of self-boundaries, and that it changes brain rhythms…

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies LSD Other

Drug Decriminalization and Recriminalization: Predicting the Future in Uncertain Times

Laura I Appleman

This article reviews how drug laws in the United States are changing and clashing. Many states have moved to legalize or reduce penalties for marijuana and are testing whether psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA can help with mental health. At the same time, some places have pushed back and even…

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk Psychedelics and Drug Studies Cannabis Ketamine

Hallucinations Induced by Psychoactive Drugs: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Therapeutic Interventions

This review explains how certain psychoactive drugs can cause hallucinations and why that matters. It says drugs such as psilocybin and LSD change brain chemicals called serotonin and dopamine, and that can make people see or hear things that are not there. Effects can be mild or very serious, sometimes…

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis Hallucinations in medical conditions Psychedelics and Drug Studies LSD Other
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