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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness marked by big problems with emotion control, impulsive acts, and unstable self-image and relationships. Many people with BPD hurt themselves or try suicide (recurrent suicidal behaviour in about 69–80% and suicide rates up to 10%). Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) was developed to…
This article argues that narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) involves a problem with how people keep their self‑esteem stable. People with NPD hold unrealistically high beliefs about their importance or treatment, which makes their self‑esteem fragile and very sensitive to perceived threats. The authors offer a cognitive‑behavioral model that links those…
