Each month our editorial team sifts through hundreds of papers and curates notable findings—for practitioners and informed readers who want to stay current with the evidence. Subscribe to the monthly Research Digest for expert analysis and concise summaries of key papers.
This 2002 PNAS review by Marcus Raichle and Debra Gusnard examines how the brain uses energy. The authors say the brain uses a large share of the body's energy and that most of that energy goes to ongoing, background neural activity. They note that short-lived, task-related increases in energy use…
Researchers ran two fMRI studies using a gambling task to see how personality and a dopamine gene relate to brain reward signals. Rewards were given either right after a response (Study 1) or after a 7.5-second wait (Study 2). The studies found that people’s extraversion scores and whether they carried…
The researchers created personalized brain circuit scores from both task-free and task-evoked fMRI scans in a large group of people with depression and anxiety. Using a standardized processing method, they measured 41 circuit features across six brain systems and used those measures to define six distinct “biotypes.” These biotypes showed…
This article explains that a brain network called the default mode network (DMN) supports self-related thoughts and autobiographical memory and helps form a stable sense of self. In people with PTSD, the DMN shows substantially reduced connectivity at rest compared with healthy people, and bigger reductions are linked with worse…
Several brain-imaging studies found that people with long-term work-related burnout showed differences in brain structure and function compared with matched healthy adults. In groups where participants had worked more than about 60–70 hours per week for several years, researchers reported larger amygdala size, thinner medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) tissue, weaker…
Researchers are studying whether brain scans taken before treatment can help pick the best treatment for people with major depression. They found that activity in one brain area (the fronto-insular cortex) at rest might tell who will do better with talk therapy versus medication, while high activity in another area…
Researchers compared whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity in 21 people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 18 people with panic disorder (PD), and 22 matched healthy controls. They used a new measure called scaled correlation to look for differences across the brain. GAD showed stronger connections between the hippocampus/parahippocampus and the fusiform…
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study gave subanesthetic S‑ketamine to 24 healthy young people while recording fMRI and EEG at rest. After ketamine, fMRI showed less connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex and more connectivity in left and right intraparietal (parietal) areas of the default mode network. EEG showed more…
In a randomized trial, 98 adults with treatment-resistant depression had brain scans before and 24 hours after a single intravenous infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline. The researchers measured mean diffusivity (DTI-MD), an MRI-based, indirect marker of microstructural brain change that tends to fall when new synapses or tissue…
This paper is a systematic review and meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI studies that compared people with diagnosed anxiety disorders to healthy controls. The authors searched 1,226 records and then ran a coordinate-based meta-analysis (ALE) only on seed-based rs-fMRI studies because other study types were too few. The meta-analysis found reduced…
Ketamine is a drug that blocks NMDA glutamate receptors and can produce symptoms like those of schizophrenia in healthy people. In this multicenter study the researchers compared resting-state brain scans after ketamine or placebo and looked at key brain networks, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and thalamic sub-nuclei. They found…
The authors made a score that measures how male-typical a person’s subcortical brain shape is. They trained this score on 2,153 people and then measured it in 1,060 people with autism and 1,166 neurotypical controls. People with autism had a small, higher average “brain maleness” score (d = 0.20), and…
