Frontier mental health research: psychedelics & drug studies

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14 papers

LSD for Addiction

Based on 14 papers

Researchers are again studying classic psychedelics, including LSD, as possible tools to help people with addiction. Early work and a few small studies suggest some psychedelics can change the brain, change people’s outlook, and sometimes reduce harmful use. But the evidence is still limited, and most strong claims come from other psychedelics (like psilocybin or ibogaine) or from general studies of how these drugs work in the brain. In short: there are promising signs, some real risks, and a lot we do not yet know. Scientists say we need larger, careful trials, clear safety rules, and better ways to tell how much benefit comes from the drug itself versus the therapy and setting around it.

Key findings

  • Interest and clinical research on psychedelics for problems like addiction has grown again in recent years. 15098 15085 15058
  • Some psychedelics have shown early signs of helping addictions such as alcohol or tobacco in small or preliminary studies. 15058 15085 15092
  • Direct clinical evidence specifically for LSD as a treatment for addiction is limited; most strong results come from studies of other psychedelics or from general research on the psychedelic approach. 15085 15098 15058
  • Classic psychedelics (like LSD) act on serotonin systems and lab studies show they can increase brain plasticity — that is, the brain’s ability to change connections — which might be a way they help, but this is not proven in people with addiction yet. 15050 15091 15080
  • People who have had psychedelic-assisted treatments often report big personal insights, a changed sense of self, and stronger feelings of connection — experiences that therapists think can support recovery from addictive behavior. 15092 15063 15065
  • Psychedelic treatments can have risks: drugs like LSD can cause strong hallucinations and, in some cases, lasting perceptual problems. Other drugs (for example ibogaine) have caused serious heart and neurological harms in past studies. 15080 15085 15065
  • Most clinical trials so far are small or early-stage. That means the overall evidence is weak to moderate and larger, well-controlled trials are needed to be sure about benefits and harms. 15091 15098 15087
  • Key uncertainties remain: how much benefit comes from the drug itself versus the intensive therapy and setting, which exact doses and session rules work best, and how safe these treatments are for different people. 15087 15065 15091
  • Trials so far have often excluded or under‑represented people of color. This makes it hard to know if results apply across all groups. 15095
  • Experts emphasize careful preparation, medical screening, and follow-up therapy as important parts of any psychedelic-assisted program — these steps matter for safety and outcomes. 15065 15091

Inclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a review of the literature

Timothy I. Michaels, Jennifer Purdon, Alexis Collins, Monnica T. Williams
BMC Psychiatry Summary & key facts 2018 247 citations

The authors reviewed psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy studies published from 1993 to 2017 to see how many people of color took part. They found 18 studies with about 280 people. About 82% of participants were non-Hispanic White, while only small percentages were African American, Latino, Asian, indigenous, or mixed race. Because so…

Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca LSD

Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms

Antonio Inserra, Danilo De Gregorio, Gabriella Gobbi
Pharmacological Reviews Summary & key facts 2020 215 citations

This review looked at many studies about classic psychedelics (like psilocybin and LSD), MDMA, ketamine, and plant medicines (like ayahuasca). The authors explain how these drugs can change the brain’s wiring, calm inflammatory processes, and shift key brain chemicals. Those actions may help explain why small clinical trials and animal…

Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Tryptophan and brain disorders Ayahuasca Ketamine

Psychedelic Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Patient Experiences in Qualitative Studies

Joost J. Breeksema, Alistair Niemeijer, Erwin Krediet, Eric Vermetten, Robert A. Schoevers
CNS Drugs Summary & key facts 2020 207 citations

Researchers collected and read 15 studies where patients described their own experiences with psychedelic treatments for mental disorders. These studies looked at about 180 patient accounts across different drugs and different illnesses. Even though the drugs and treatment settings were very different, many patients described similar helpful processes, such as…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

Psychedelic medicine: a re-emerging therapeutic paradigm

Kenneth W. Tupper, Evan Wood, Richard Yensen, Matthew W. Johnson

Researchers around the world have started clinical studies again to see if psychedelic drugs can help treat serious mental health problems. This work picks up after research that stopped around the 1950s. Scientists are running controlled studies to test whether these substances can safely reduce problems like depression, anxiety, addiction…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ketamine LSD

Legal highs: staying on top of the flood of novel psychoactive substances

David Baumeister, Luis M. Tojo, Derek K. Tracy

This review explains the fast-growing problem of so-called "legal highs", which are better called novel psychoactive substances or NPS. Unknown labs keep making slightly different chemicals to avoid bans, and this led to about 80 new substances being spotted in one year. The paper groups these drugs into five main…

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Cannabis Ketamine

Psychedelics: Alternative and Potential Therapeutic Options for Treating Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Henry Lowe, Ngeh J. Toyang, Blair Steele, Justin Grant, Amza Ali, Lorenzo Gordon, et al.
Molecules Summary & key facts 2022 52 citations

This paper is a review of research about psychedelic drugs and whether they could help with mood and anxiety problems. It explains that these drugs were used for thousands of years in some cultures, then were banned in the 1960s which slowed scientific study. The authors describe a new wave…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca LSD

Psychedelic Commercialization: A Wide-Spanning Overview of the Emerging Psychedelic Industry

Jacob S. Aday, Brian S. Barnett, Dan Grossman, Kevin S. Murnane, Charles D. Nichols, Peter S. Hendricks
Psychedelic Medicine Summary & key facts 2023 49 citations

This article is a broad review of the new psychedelic industry. The authors look at how psychedelic drugs and clinics moved from decades-old research into a fast-growing business with hundreds of companies and big investment. They describe what companies are trying to sell, point out major scientific, legal, and ethical…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Diverse academic research themes Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

The Emerging Field of Psychedelic Psychotherapy

Gregory Barber, Scott T. Aaronson
Current Psychiatry Reports Summary & key facts 2022 48 citations

This review looks at recent research where drugs like MDMA and psilocybin are given inside carefully run therapy programs. People get hours of preparation, one or more drug sessions, and several follow-up therapy sessions to help make sense of the experience. Trials so far show big improvements for some people…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Diverse academic research themes Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism

Jennifer Mitchell, B. Anderson
Neuropsychopharmacology Summary & key facts 2023 44 citations

This review describes a rapid rise in medical research on psychedelic drugs over the past five years. Several later-stage clinical trials have been published, and many different drugs — including psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, LSD, ayahuasca, and ibogaine — are being tested for conditions such as depression, post‑traumatic stress, addiction, obsessive‑compulsive…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

Serotonergic Psychedelics in Neural Plasticity

Kacper Łukasiewicz, Jacob J. Baker, Yi Zuo, Ju Lu

This review explains that classical serotonergic psychedelics — drugs like psilocybin, DMT (in ayahuasca), LSD, and ibogaine — can change brain cells and connections in lab and animal studies. These drugs have been shown to help neurons grow new branches and form more synapses, which are the contact points where…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

Is the Requirement for First-Person Experience of Psychedelic Drugs a Justified Component of a Psychedelic Therapist’s Training?

Nathan Emmerich, Bryce Humphries

This paper looks at whether trainee psychedelic therapists should be required to take psychedelic drugs so they can understand patients' experiences. The authors review the idea that first-person psychedelic trips give special knowledge, and they argue this benefit is not clearly unique or proven. They conclude that forcing trainees to…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Diverse academic research themes Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ketamine

Therapeutic (Sub)stance: Current practice and therapeutic conduct in preparatory sessions in substance-assisted psychotherapy—A systematized review

Sascha Thal, Michelle Wieberneit, Jason M. Sharbanee, Petra Skeffington, Paris Baker, Raimondo Bruno, et al.
Journal of Psychopharmacology Summary & key facts 2022 23 citations

The authors reviewed 83 papers and guides about how therapists prepare people for substance-assisted psychotherapy — therapy that uses drugs like psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, or ketamine together with psychological support. They found clear agreement that good preparation before a drug session is important for safety and for helping people get…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ibogaine Ketamine
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