Frontier mental health research: psychedelics & drug studies

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2 papers

Psilocybin for Sadness or low mood

Based on 34 papers

Research on psilocybin for low mood and depression is promising but still early. Small clinical trials that pair psilocybin with professional therapy have found reductions in depressive symptoms, and some people report benefits that last weeks or months after one or a few doses. Scientists also see brain changes in lab and animal studies that could explain mood effects, but the exact reasons are not settled. Important limits remain. Most clinical studies are small, often use the drug together with therapy (so it is hard to separate drug from therapy), and the participants are not very diverse. Safety in these studies has been acceptable under careful medical supervision, but more and larger trials are needed to know how well psilocybin works long term and how safe it is for many different people.

Key findings

  • Small clinical trials report that psilocybin given together with therapy can reduce symptoms of depression or low mood. 15132 15063 15056 15060
  • Some studies found that one or a few doses produced improvements that lasted for weeks or months in some people. 15049 15086 15135
  • Most clinical studies combined psilocybin with preparatory and follow-up psychotherapy, and researchers say the therapy, a person’s mindset, and the treatment setting matter a lot for the results. 15056 15065 15086 15063
  • The overall evidence is still limited: many trials are small, some lack full blinding (so people may know which treatment they got), and larger, longer, controlled studies are needed before psilocybin can be a standard treatment. 15056 15078 15070 15085
  • Lab and animal research shows psilocybin and related compounds can boost the brain’s ability to form new connections (called neuroplasticity) and may reduce some markers of brain inflammation, which could help explain mood benefits but is not proven in people yet. 15132 15050 15091 15049
  • Blood studies looking for increases in BDNF (a protein linked to brain plasticity) after psychedelics did not find clear changes, so useful blood markers are still uncertain. 15129
  • In clinical trials done with careful medical support, reported side effects were usually mild to moderate and short-lived, but acute difficult psychological reactions can occur, so safety depends on controlled settings and proper screening. 15135 15055 15063 15086
  • People of color and other groups are underrepresented in psychedelic studies, which means we do not know if the results apply equally across different ethnic and cultural groups. 15095 15094
  • There is a debate about whether the intense subjective experience (the 'trip') is needed for therapeutic benefit. That debate makes it hard to design perfect placebo-controlled trials. 15078 15071 15086

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development

Eduardo Ekman Schenberg
Frontiers in Pharmacology Summary & key facts 2018 229 citations

This paper describes psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, which means giving drugs like ketamine, MDMA, psilocybin, LSD or ibogaine together with guided therapy. The authors say this approach has shown promising safety and benefits so far, even for people who did not get better with usual treatments. They also argue that these therapies…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ibogaine Ketamine

Three Naturally-Occurring Psychedelics and Their Significance in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders

Nataliya S. Vorobyeva, Alena A. Kozlova
Frontiers in Pharmacology Summary & key facts 2022 14 citations

This paper reviews research on three naturally occurring psychedelics: psilocybin, ibogaine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (the active part of the brew ayahuasca). It explains that these drugs work on the brain's serotonin system and summarizes growing studies that suggest they might help with problems like post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, anxiety, and…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine
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