Frontier mental health research: psychedelics & drug studies

Each month our editorial team sifts through hundreds of papers and curates notable findings—for practitioners and informed readers who want to stay current with the evidence. Subscribe to the monthly Research Digest for expert analysis and concise summaries of key papers.

1 paper

LSD for Anxiety or worry

Based on 20 papers

Research on LSD for treating anxiety is small but shows some promise. A few clinical trials and older studies, often giving LSD together with therapy in controlled settings, reported reduced anxiety in people with cancer or other anxiety problems. However, most studies are small, use different methods, or mix LSD with other therapies, so we cannot be sure how strong or general the effects are (15068,15055,15135). Scientists have ideas about how LSD might help. Lab and animal work suggests classic psychedelics like LSD change serotonin brain receptors and can boost the brain’s ability to form new connections. Still, the exact brain changes in people and the biological markers that matter are not settled (15050,15086,15129). Safety in supervised trials looks acceptable, but LSD can cause strong hallucinations and, in rare cases, lasting problems. Bigger, better, and more diverse studies are needed before doctors can say LSD is a proven treatment for anxiety (15135,15080,15078,15095).

Key findings

  • Some clinical trials reported that people given classic psychedelics, including LSD, had lower anxiety afterward, for example in cancer-related distress and some anxiety disorders. 15055 15068
  • Most modern LSD studies give the drug together with psychotherapy and careful preparation. The therapy and setting (called “set and setting”) are seen as part of the treatment. 15096 15065
  • The overall evidence is still limited. Many trials are small, use different methods, or mix drugs and therapy, so we cannot yet say LSD is a proven, widely tested treatment for anxiety. 15078 15085 15068
  • Classic psychedelics like LSD act mainly on a serotonin receptor called 5‑HT2A. Lab and animal studies also show these drugs can increase brain plasticity, meaning the brain’s ability to change connections. 15086 15050
  • Large reviews and recent clinical work report generally favorable safety profiles for psychedelics when used in controlled medical settings, but this does not mean there are no risks. 15135 15055
  • LSD and other psychedelics can cause hallucinations. In some people these effects can be intense and, rarely, lead to lasting perceptual or mental-health problems. 15080
  • Biological markers tied to brain growth, such as blood levels of BDNF (a brain protein), have not shown clear consistent changes after psychedelic or psychoplastogen dosing in pooled human studies. That means we do not yet have a reliable blood test that proves how these drugs affect brain repair in people. 15129
  • Important gaps remain: many studies include few participants from non‑White groups, trial designs vary a lot, and researchers still debate how much the subjective psychedelic experience itself matters for the treatment effect. 15095 15078 15086

Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abigail E. Calder, Adrian Hase, Gregor Hasler
Molecular Psychiatry Summary & key facts 2024 10 citations

Researchers pooled results from 29 human studies that measured blood levels of a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, after people received so-called psychoplastogen drugs such as ketamine or psychedelics. They found no clear change in blood BDNF after these drugs. The authors say this does not prove the…

Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Treatment of Major Depression Ayahuasca Ketamine
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