Frontier mental health research: psychedelics & drug studies

Each month our editorial team sifts through hundreds of papers and curates notable findings—for practitioners and informed readers who want to stay current with the evidence. Subscribe to the monthly Research Digest for expert analysis and concise summaries of key papers.

1 paper

LSD for Anxiety or worry

Based on 20 papers

Research on LSD for treating anxiety is small but shows some promise. A few clinical trials and older studies, often giving LSD together with therapy in controlled settings, reported reduced anxiety in people with cancer or other anxiety problems. However, most studies are small, use different methods, or mix LSD with other therapies, so we cannot be sure how strong or general the effects are (15068,15055,15135). Scientists have ideas about how LSD might help. Lab and animal work suggests classic psychedelics like LSD change serotonin brain receptors and can boost the brain’s ability to form new connections. Still, the exact brain changes in people and the biological markers that matter are not settled (15050,15086,15129). Safety in supervised trials looks acceptable, but LSD can cause strong hallucinations and, in rare cases, lasting problems. Bigger, better, and more diverse studies are needed before doctors can say LSD is a proven treatment for anxiety (15135,15080,15078,15095).

Key findings

  • Some clinical trials reported that people given classic psychedelics, including LSD, had lower anxiety afterward, for example in cancer-related distress and some anxiety disorders. 15055 15068
  • Most modern LSD studies give the drug together with psychotherapy and careful preparation. The therapy and setting (called “set and setting”) are seen as part of the treatment. 15096 15065
  • The overall evidence is still limited. Many trials are small, use different methods, or mix drugs and therapy, so we cannot yet say LSD is a proven, widely tested treatment for anxiety. 15078 15085 15068
  • Classic psychedelics like LSD act mainly on a serotonin receptor called 5‑HT2A. Lab and animal studies also show these drugs can increase brain plasticity, meaning the brain’s ability to change connections. 15086 15050
  • Large reviews and recent clinical work report generally favorable safety profiles for psychedelics when used in controlled medical settings, but this does not mean there are no risks. 15135 15055
  • LSD and other psychedelics can cause hallucinations. In some people these effects can be intense and, rarely, lead to lasting perceptual or mental-health problems. 15080
  • Biological markers tied to brain growth, such as blood levels of BDNF (a brain protein), have not shown clear consistent changes after psychedelic or psychoplastogen dosing in pooled human studies. That means we do not yet have a reliable blood test that proves how these drugs affect brain repair in people. 15129
  • Important gaps remain: many studies include few participants from non‑White groups, trial designs vary a lot, and researchers still debate how much the subjective psychedelic experience itself matters for the treatment effect. 15095 15078 15086

Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism

Jennifer Mitchell, B. Anderson
Neuropsychopharmacology Summary & key facts 2023 44 citations

This review describes a rapid rise in medical research on psychedelic drugs over the past five years. Several later-stage clinical trials have been published, and many different drugs — including psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, LSD, ayahuasca, and ibogaine — are being tested for conditions such as depression, post‑traumatic stress, addiction, obsessive‑compulsive…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine
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