Frontier mental health research: psychedelics & drug studies

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13 papers

Anxiety or worry

Based on 41 papers

Researchers are finding several promising ways to reduce anxiety and worry. The strongest and most consistent clinical results so far come from giving psychedelic or fast‑acting drugs together with careful psychotherapy. Ketamine, MDMA, and psilocybin show the quickest and clearest positive results in trials for related problems. Non‑drug approaches like talking therapies and physical activity also help and have longer histories of evidence. At the same time, many drug studies are still small, early‑stage, or done in narrowly selected groups. Important factors that shape outcomes include how the drug is given, the therapy around it, and safety monitoring. There are real risks and unanswered questions, so scientists say more large, diverse, and carefully run trials are needed before these treatments become routine.

Key findings

  • Giving psychedelic drugs together with structured psychotherapy has produced positive results in clinical trials, especially for hard‑to‑treat depression and for PTSD when MDMA is used with therapy. 15063 15086 15053 15085
  • Clinical trials testing psychedelics specifically for people diagnosed with anxiety disorders are fewer and smaller, but a review of nine trials reported reductions in anxiety for several drugs (ketamine, LSD, MDMA, psilocybin, ayahuasca). This evidence is promising but still limited. 15068 15053
  • Ketamine can reduce depressive and anxiety‑like symptoms quickly. Animal and cell studies show low ketamine doses change glutamate receptors and boost fast synaptic activity, which likely helps its rapid effects in people. 10148 15068 15091
  • Non‑drug treatments also have solid evidence. High‑quality reviews find psychodynamic psychotherapy helps some anxiety problems, and walking and other physical activity produce medium‑sized drops in anxiety symptoms in randomized trials. 13302 8785 8792
  • How a psychedelic session is prepared and run matters a lot. Reviews and treatment guides agree that screening, preparing a person’s mindset, the physical setting, and follow‑up therapy are commonly used and considered important for safety and benefit. 15065 15086 15063 15092
  • Psychedelics appear to change the brain by increasing plasticity (the brain’s ability to form new connections) and by lowering inflammation in some studies, but human evidence for measurable blood markers (like BDNF) is mixed and not conclusive. 15132 15050 15091 15129
  • There are safety concerns and limits to generalizing results. Serious risks have been linked to some compounds (for example ibogaine can have cardiac risks), long‑lasting perceptual problems have been reported after hallucinogen use, and many trials include few people of color. 15085 15080 15048 15095
  • Many clinical trials are early‑stage or small. No psychedelic medicine is yet widely approved for anxiety disorders, and researchers call for larger, well‑controlled, and more diverse studies before changing standard care. 15078 15056 15095

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development

Eduardo Ekman Schenberg
Frontiers in Pharmacology Summary & key facts 2018 229 citations

This paper describes psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, which means giving drugs like ketamine, MDMA, psilocybin, LSD or ibogaine together with guided therapy. The authors say this approach has shown promising safety and benefits so far, even for people who did not get better with usual treatments. They also argue that these therapies…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ibogaine Ketamine

Psychedelic Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Patient Experiences in Qualitative Studies

Joost J. Breeksema, Alistair Niemeijer, Erwin Krediet, Eric Vermetten, Robert A. Schoevers
CNS Drugs Summary & key facts 2020 207 citations

Researchers collected and read 15 studies where patients described their own experiences with psychedelic treatments for mental disorders. These studies looked at about 180 patient accounts across different drugs and different illnesses. Even though the drugs and treatment settings were very different, many patients described similar helpful processes, such as…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

Psychedelic medicine: a re-emerging therapeutic paradigm

Kenneth W. Tupper, Evan Wood, Richard Yensen, Matthew W. Johnson

Researchers around the world have started clinical studies again to see if psychedelic drugs can help treat serious mental health problems. This work picks up after research that stopped around the 1950s. Scientists are running controlled studies to test whether these substances can safely reduce problems like depression, anxiety, addiction…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ketamine LSD

The therapeutic potential of psilocybin: a systematic review

Jan van Amsterdam, Wim van den Brink
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Summary & key facts 2022 73 citations

This paper looked across existing studies of psilocybin and found that, when it is given along with psychotherapy or therapy-style support, it looks promising as a treatment for several mental health problems, including cases that did not get better with other treatments. But the authors say the current studies are…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Psilocybin

The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic-assisted Therapies for Symptom Control in Patients Diagnosed With Serious Illness: A Systematic Review

Lucas Oliveira Maia, Yvan Beaussant, Ana Cláudia Mesquita Garcia

This paper looked at 20 clinical trials to see whether therapies that use psychedelic drugs together with talking therapy can help people who have serious, life‑limiting illnesses. The review found that these therapies often helped with psychological and spiritual problems like anxiety, low mood, and fear of dying. The drugs…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ketamine LSD

Psychedelics: Alternative and Potential Therapeutic Options for Treating Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Henry Lowe, Ngeh J. Toyang, Blair Steele, Justin Grant, Amza Ali, Lorenzo Gordon, et al.
Molecules Summary & key facts 2022 52 citations

This paper is a review of research about psychedelic drugs and whether they could help with mood and anxiety problems. It explains that these drugs were used for thousands of years in some cultures, then were banned in the 1960s which slowed scientific study. The authors describe a new wave…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca LSD

Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism

Jennifer Mitchell, B. Anderson
Neuropsychopharmacology Summary & key facts 2023 44 citations

This review describes a rapid rise in medical research on psychedelic drugs over the past five years. Several later-stage clinical trials have been published, and many different drugs — including psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, LSD, ayahuasca, and ibogaine — are being tested for conditions such as depression, post‑traumatic stress, addiction, obsessive‑compulsive…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine

Psychedelic Mushrooms in the USA: Knowledge, Patterns of Use, and Association With Health Outcomes

Richard Matzopoulos, Robert Morlock, Amy Morlock, Bernard Lerer, Leonard Lerer
Frontiers in Psychiatry Summary & key facts 2022 41 citations

Researchers ran a national online survey of U.S. adults from November 2020 to March 2021 that was weighted to represent the adult population. They asked about use of psychedelic mushrooms (psilocybin), reasons for use, and mental health. Many users said they took mushrooms for general mental health and well-being. Users…

Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Psychedelics and Drug Studies Psilocybin

Therapeutic (Sub)stance: Current practice and therapeutic conduct in preparatory sessions in substance-assisted psychotherapy—A systematized review

Sascha Thal, Michelle Wieberneit, Jason M. Sharbanee, Petra Skeffington, Paris Baker, Raimondo Bruno, et al.
Journal of Psychopharmacology Summary & key facts 2022 23 citations

The authors reviewed 83 papers and guides about how therapists prepare people for substance-assisted psychotherapy — therapy that uses drugs like psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, or ketamine together with psychological support. They found clear agreement that good preparation before a drug session is important for safety and for helping people get…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ibogaine Ketamine

Effects of Psychedelics in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Hannes Kettner, Leor Roseman, Adam Gazzaley, Robin Carhart‐Harris, Lorenzo Pasquini

Researchers followed 62 older adults (age 60 and up) and 62 younger adults who planned to take part in guided psychedelic group sessions. People in both age groups reported better well-being in the weeks after the sessions, but older adults experienced weaker immediate drug effects during the sessions. For older…

Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca LSD

Efficacy and Safety of Psychedelics in Treating Anxiety Disorders

Leah Feulner, Thanpicha Sermchaiwong, Nathan Rodland, David Galarneau
Ochsner Journal Summary & key facts 2023 15 citations

Researchers reviewed published clinical trials testing psychedelic drugs for people diagnosed with anxiety disorders. They found nine trials that used ayahuasca, ketamine, LSD, MDMA, or psilocybin. Overall, the studies showed reduced anxiety symptoms and better self-image or social functioning for people with generalized anxiety, social anxiety, or anxiety linked to…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ketamine

Three Naturally-Occurring Psychedelics and Their Significance in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders

Nataliya S. Vorobyeva, Alena A. Kozlova
Frontiers in Pharmacology Summary & key facts 2022 14 citations

This paper reviews research on three naturally occurring psychedelics: psilocybin, ibogaine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (the active part of the brew ayahuasca). It explains that these drugs work on the brain's serotonin system and summarizes growing studies that suggest they might help with problems like post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, anxiety, and…

Chemical synthesis and alkaloids Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Psychedelics and Drug Studies Ayahuasca Ibogaine
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