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12 papers
This review explains that muscle fatigue can come from many different causes and that there is no single global cause. Fatigue is usually measured as a drop in the maximum force or power a muscle can make, but people can still do less-demanding tasks after that drop begins. Which processes…
Researchers gave different psychedelic drugs to mice and found the drugs could reopen a window of brain plasticity used for learning social rewards. This reopened window went along with changes in a social hormone system in a key reward area of the brain and with changes in genes that control…
This paper is a clear review of how ketamine can lift severe depression quickly for some people and what we know about how it works in the brain. The authors say a single low-dose intravenous shot of ketamine can produce rapid and lasting antidepressant effects in people whose depression did…
This 2018 review looked at animal and human studies of ketamine as a possible treatment for addiction. Early findings are promising: some studies found ketamine helped people stay abstinent from alcohol and heroin and reduced cocaine craving and use. However, the authors say the research is still new, many studies…
This paper suggests a new way to study how psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) might work. The authors propose that psychedelics could put the adult brain into a state similar to developmental "critical periods," times when the brain is highly sensitive to experience. They recommend using a well-studied visual system model (ocular…
This review explains how ketamine, a drug that blocks NMDA receptors, might work for people with treatment‑resistant depression. It says one injection of ketamine can rapidly reduce depressive symptoms, including acute suicidal behavior. The paper describes steps that could explain this: ketamine may raise glutamate, trigger growth of neuron branches,…
This small, exploratory study gave people with moderate to severe major depressive disorder placebo first (19 people) and then a single dose of psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) to 15 people four weeks later, with all dosing embedded in therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). After the psilocybin session, measures…
This study followed people from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 to see how self-esteem in young adulthood links to depression later on. The authors found that, for men, alcohol and drug use in young adulthood partly explained how low self-esteem led to more depression. They also found that…
This is a theoretical review that looks at depression from both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It says depression is an emotion regulation disorder and is common worldwide. The paper reviews ideas from both systems and suggests possible brain and body pathways that could link TCM concepts of…
This paper is a review of recent research on psychedelic drugs. The authors say some clinical trials show these drugs can help people with post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse problems, and depression that has not improved with other treatments. But scientists do not yet understand all the biological ways these…
This paper is a review of economic research that treats identity as a set of beliefs about one’s core traits, values, goals, and social ties. It explains the main cognitive ideas behind self-image concerns and then summarizes many lab, online, and field experiments that show how those concerns change how…
