Role of serotonin, estrogen, and TNF‐α in the paroxetine‐impaired steroidogenesis and testicular macrophages polarization

Summary & key facts

The Scott Trust, Guardian Media Group (GMG) and The Scott Trust Endowment Limited (STEL) published a modern slavery statement for the year ending 31 March 2025. It says they use policies, supplier checks, contract clauses, training and investment oversight to try to lower the risk of modern slavery in their operations and supply chains. GMG runs a Guardian Sourcing Policy based on international standards, is Living Wage Accredited and assessed 47 new higher-risk suppliers (and re-assessed 8 existing suppliers) with no material concerns found. STEL assesses investment managers on human rights and is updating its policy to include modern slavery. The statement reports no evidence of breaches a

Key facts:

• The statement covers the financial year ended 31 March 2025 and was approved on 15 July 2025.
• GMG identified 47 new potential suppliers in higher-risk categories; all 47 were assessed and considered appropriate to onboard.
• GMG re-assessed 8 current suppliers during the period and found none that raised concerns.
• GMG is a Living Wage Accredited Employer and sets a company minimum salary that is higher than the Living Wage; this minimum is reviewed yearly.
• The Guardian has been B Corp certified since 2019 and was recertified in 2023.
• Contracts with higher-risk suppliers include audit rights and the ability to terminate the contract if needed to manage modern slavery risk.
• GMG’s Guardian Sourcing Values are built on international standards such as the International Labour Organization conventions and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.
• STEL primarily invests via collective funds and says it assesses investment managers’ policies on modern slavery and human rights as part of initial and ongoing monitoring.
• GMG says its procurement team has been trained to assess modern slavery risks during tenders, contract renewals and new supplier approvals.
• The statement says no evidence was found of practices that violated the Guardian Sourcing Policy or Values within current suppliers, and no supplier questionnaires raised material concerns during the period.

Abstract

Paroxetine serotonergic effect impairs LC steroidogenesis, via aromatization, increasing estrogen/testosterone ratio, which in turn upregulate NDRG2, promoting apoptosis, and impairing sperm production. Serotonin-estrogen pathways may be responsible for M2/M1 polarization, Tnfa upregulation, and induction of oxidative stress. The unrecovered testicular changes after treatment discontinuation are due to persistent paroxetine serotonin/estrogen effects.

Topics

Hormonal and reproductive studies Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension Stress Responses and Cortisol

Categories

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Health Sciences Medicine

Tags

Endocrinology Estrogen Internal medicine Medicine Paroxetine Receptor Serotonin Tumor necrosis factor alpha